Insight into t->m transition of MW treated 3Y-PSZ ceramics by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction

The influence of a microwave hybrid heat treatment (MHH) on the surface and in-depth mineralogical transformation of pre-sintered 3Y-PSZ was investigated. 3Y-PSZ samples were prepared by slip casting and sintered by conventional firing (1270 °C). Then, different MHH treatments from 5 to 15 min. at 1200 °C were applied to obtain a fully stabilized 3Y-TZP. The monoclinic fraction depth profiles in the first micrometres (up to 5) of thickness were investigated by means of the grazing incident X-ray diffraction technique (GIXRD). A good sintering degree with practically nil closed porosity and grain growth was achieved after MHH of 15 min. MHH increases the tetragonal phase content both in the surface and in-depth, reducing completely the monoclinic phase shell typically found after conventional sintering. A new parabolic model is proposed for the convoluted monoclinic fraction depth profile, which through the value of its horizontal asymptote allows the determination of the monoclinic shell thickness.     

半水磷石膏固化原状磷石膏制备胶凝材料及性能研究

以原状磷石膏（RPG）为基材,通过单因素实验研究了原状磷石膏（RPG）与β-半水磷石膏（HPG）相对掺量以及生石灰、水泥、硅灰3种掺合料对磷石膏基复合胶凝材料（PGBM）抗压强度、抗折强度及软化系数的影响规律以及作用机理。结果表明：HPG、生石灰、水泥、硅灰相对掺量的增加均能有效提高PGBM的强度及软化系数,其中硅灰的作用最为明显。但是,当生石灰和水泥的掺量（以质量分数计）分别大于4%和6%时,对PGBM耐水性能的改善不明显。当RPG与HPG相对掺量（质量分数比）为7∶3,生石灰、水泥、硅灰掺量（以质量分数计）分别为4%、12%、5%时,试件28 d抗压强度和软化系数分别可以达到26.29 MPa和0.79。微观分析表明：各掺合料主要通过水化产物填充率影响RPG颗粒之间的接触强度,进而对PGBM的强度和耐水性产生影响。     

基于微波加热的热膨胀微球/石蜡/石墨自修复功能材料的制备及其在砂浆中的应用

以热膨胀微球、石蜡和石墨为原料制备了一种快速修复混凝土裂缝的新型微波加热自修复功能材料(MHSFM)。研究了热膨胀微球掺量对MHSFM体积膨胀率的影响,测试了在微波作用下MHSFM和掺加MHSFM砂浆的升温速率,评价了MHSFM掺量对砂浆力学性能、抗渗性能和自修复性能的影响。结果表明,MHSFM的体积膨胀率随着热膨胀微球掺量增加而增大。在微波作用下,砂浆的升温速率随MHSFM掺量的增加而明显加快。MHSFM对砂浆的力学性能和抗渗性能有一定的影响,但会显著增强砂浆的自修复性能,掺加12%(质量分数)MHSFM的砂浆在微波作用下可快速愈合0.53 mm的裂缝。     

再生骨料特征参数对混凝土强度的影响

再生骨料(RCA)对混凝土的性能影响极大,了解RCA对混凝土性能的影响,对提高RCA的利用效率,降低建筑行业碳排放并响应国家“双碳”政策至关重要。本文借助CT扫描技术获取了四组不同RCA替代率下掺锂渣再生混凝土的骨料特征图像,运用数字图像处理方法获得了RCA的形状系数(SF)、棱角度(AN)、棱角与表面纹理(AT)指数及三维球体度(SP),分析了它们的分布规律及特点,并通过灰色关联分析方法建立了骨料特征参数与抗压强度的联系。结果表明:RCA具有较高的不规则性,由于骨料残留的砂浆量不同,其表面呈现粗糙且多棱角的特点;四个骨料特征参数均表现出较高的灰色关联度,其中SP关联性最大,达到0.942;在合理的骨料混合比例下,试验样品可以满足C30混凝土强度的要求,且在30%(质量分数)RCA替代率下力学性能最优。     

Solid–Liquid Phase Behaviors of Binary Mixtures of Various Partial Acylglycerols by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Monoacylglycerol (MAG), diacylglycerol (DAG), and triacylglycerol (TAG) are impurities in biodiesel and a major cause of precipitation. Understanding the behavior of such acylglycerols is essential for predicting biodiesel cold flow properties (CFPs). The previous study on MAG/MAG binary mixtures shows that they tend to solidify by forming molecular compounds. In contrast, TAG/TAG mixtures, which have been studied extensively, are commonly eutectic or monotectic systems, in which each component solidifies separately. The present study focuses on binary mixtures of DAG/DAG and different acylglycerol pairs (MAG/DAG, TAG/MAG, and DAG/TAG), and determination of their solid–liquid phase behavior by differential scanning calorimetry. These mixtures are found to behave as eutectic or monotectic systems with no sign of compound formation. As DAG and TAG have lower contents than MAG in biodiesel and they are unlikely to form molecular compounds with MAG, it is suggested that DAG and TAG have little effect on the biodiesel CFPs. Practical Applications: Biodiesel has attracted much interest because its blending with conventional fossil diesel has become more standard with biofuel mandates. From an energy perspective, the solid–liquid phase behavior of acylglycerols will contribute to building prediction models for biodiesel CFPs.     

Improvement of microwave dielectric properties of the LiNb0.6Ti0.5O3 M-phase by doping with (Co1/3Nb2/3)4+

Structural evolution and microwave dielectric properties of LiNb_0.6(Ti_1-x[Co_1/3Nb_2/3]_x)_0.5O₃ (.05≤x≤.2) ceramics have been studied in this paper. Although the doped compositions maintain the M-phase solid solutions, compositional fluctuation due to nonuniform dispersion of minor dopants could be observed as x < .05, and trace amount of Li₂TiO₃-based solid solution (Li₂TiO₃ss) secondary phase presents in the x > .05 compositions. The microwave dielectric properties could be remarkably improved by the doping of (Co_1/2Nb_1/2)⁴⁺ in comparison to the undoped counterpart. Optimized microwave dielectric properties with Q × f = ∼6500 GHz, ε_r = ∼74 and τ_f = +8.2 ppm/°C could be obtained at x = .10 after sintering at 1050°C/2 h. The sintering temperature could be further reduced to 900°C/2 h by adding .2 wt% B₂O₃ without affecting significantly its microwave dielectric properties: ε_r = 73, Q × f = 6000 GHz, τ_f = +8.5 ppm/°C. The LiNb_0.6(Ti_1-x[Co_1/3Nb_2/3]_x)_0.5O₃ ceramics obtained in this case exhibit large dielectric permittivity coupled with much improved Q × f values, near zero τ_f, and low sintering temperature simultaneously, which makes it a promising high-k microwave dielectric material for low temperature cofired ceramic applications.     

退火处理对FeCo纳米粒子吸波性能的影响

用KBH4作为还原剂,采用化学还原法制备FeCo纳米粒子,然后在400~600℃下退火。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱仪和振动样品磁强计对FeCo纳米粒子进行表征,用网络矢量分析仪测定其电磁参数,并分析FeCo的吸波性能,研究退火温度对FeCo纳米粒子吸波性能的影响。结果表明,化学还原法制备的FeCo纳米粒子,在厚度为5 mm时对频率为2.24 GHz电磁波的反射损耗最大,为-14.9 dB,损耗机制以介电损耗为主。随退火温度从400℃升高到600℃,FeCo纳米粒子的介电损耗逐渐减小而磁损耗逐渐增大,在400℃退火后的FeCo粒子具有最优的电磁匹配特性和最高的反射损耗,在厚度为3.55 mm时对4.48 GHz电磁波的反射损耗为-49.14 dB。     

机载摆扫式光谱仪高转速三面摆镜设计与优化

为满足机载摆扫式光谱仪在25Hz扫描频率下工作的要求,设计了具有三面反射镜的摆镜结构。首先,计算镜面反射区域面积与旋转轴偏离量的关系,通过比较摆镜布置不同数目反射镜时的性能,设计了围绕旋转轴布置三面反射镜的摆镜结构形式,通过600r/min的转速即可完成每分钟1 800次的高频摆扫;同时采用匀速摆扫的运动方式,降低了摆镜的控制难度,提高了系统的稳定性。然后,采用拓扑优化、集成优化等方法对摆镜结构进行了优化,摆镜最终质量为5.28kg,轻量化率达到58%。最后,通过有限元仿真计算得到:摆镜在机载平台600r/min转速离心力与1 g重力的作用下,面型精度RMS值优于λ/20,基频达到1 199Hz,具有较高的力学稳定性,满足机载摆扫式光谱仪的高扫描频率要求。     

空间超大幅宽低畸变红外成像扫描控制

本文以空间超大幅宽低畸变红外变焦扫描成像系统为研究对象,分析给出地面畸变与成像系统瞬时视场角的关系,提出变速扫描成像并推导了扫描角速度公式。为解决匀速360°旋转扫描效率低和双向摆动扫描成像需安装扫描线矫正器所导致的系统复杂性高、可靠性低的缺点,设计了一种正弦加速度快速回扫的方法。对变速扫描以及正弦加速度快速回扫方法进行了仿真及实验,结果表明扫描控制系统慢速扫描与快速回扫之间状态切换稳定,扫描起止角度误差仅为1.44角秒,扫描速度稳定度为±0.5%,扫描成像过程时间误差为83μs,回扫时间误差为250μs,整个扫描周期时间偏差小于1倍像元积分时间(355μs),扫描效率达86%,在提高了扫描效率的同时减小对扫描机构的冲击与振动,满足成像要求。正弦加速度快速回扫方法对机载红外扫描成像系统快速回扫运动设计也具有一定指导意义。     

High resolution SEM characterization of nano‐precipitates in ODS steels

The performance of the present‐day scanning electron microscopy (SEM) extends far beyond delivering electronic images of the surface topography. Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steel is on of the most promising materials for the future nuclear fusion reactor because of its good radiation resistance, and higher operation temperature up to 750°C. The microstructure of ODS should not exceed tens of nm, therefore there is a strong need in a fast and reliable technique for their characterization. In this work, the results of low‐kV SEM characterization of nanoprecipitates formed in the ODS matrix are presented. Application of highly sensitive photo‐diode BSE detector in SEM imaging allowed for the registration of single nm‐sized precipitates in the vicinity of the ODS alloys. The composition of the precipitates has been confirmed by TEM‐EDS.